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"Albanese, Jay S"
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Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice
In this handbook, editors Philip Reichel and Jay Albanese bring together renowned scholars from around the world to offer various perspectives providing global coverage of the increasingly transnational nature of crime and the attempts to provide co-operative cross-national responses.
eBook
Illegal gambling businesses & organized crime: an analysis of federal convictions
Illegal gambling operations have been alleged to support organized crime and victimize participants, rather than benefit them. This is said to occur through cheating in the games provided, defrauding the government of tax revenue, and funding other illicit and criminal activities. What has been missing is a systematic analysis of actual cases involving illegal gambling businesses to determine precisely who is involved, how these businesses operate, the nature of the threat posed, and the law enforcement response to it. The analysis reported here examines all federal convictions involving operation of illegal gambling businesses during a single year. There were more than 80 persons charged and convicted of participation in illegal gambling businesses, centered around 40 distinct enterprises. The results indicate that illegal gambling businesses in the United States are long-term operations consisting of four general types, and that enforcement of existing laws, particularly related to illegal online sports betting, are not working effectively.
Journal Article
Casino Gambling Impacts on Crime and Public Safety: A Review of 30 Years of Research
This article offers a review of all available published studies that assess the impact of commercial casinos on críme and public safety in one or more jurisdictions. Since the 1980s, more than 30 studies have been earned out, and this review examines all studies that employed empirical data in their analysis (rather than mere speculation or opinion). In addition, this review notes the strengths and weaknesses of each study in terms of the methodologies used (e.g, pre-and-post casino design, comparison with other juńsdictions, and assessment of the rísk of críme). All previous empirical investigations of the links between casino gambling and violent crime, property crime, white collar crime, and public safety were included. The similarities and differences among studies and their findings are evaluated, together with their strength and weaknesses. It concludes with recommendations to guide future efforts to examine these impacts, relying on the most exemplary methods used in the past.
Journal Article
Organized Crime
Organized Crime: From the Mob to Transnational Organized Crime, Seventh Edition, provides readers with a clear understanding of organized crime, including its definition and causes, how it is categorized under the law, models to explain its persistence, and the criminal justice response to organized crime, including investigation, prosecution, defense, and sentencing.
This book offers a comprehensive survey, including an extensive history of the Mafia in the United States; a legal analysis of the offenses that underlie organized crimes; specific attention to modern manifestations of organized crime activity, such as human smuggling, Internet crimes, and other transnational criminal operations; and the application of ethics to the study of organized crime.
A new section has been added on threat assessment in organized crime.
Chapters are enhanced by updated photos, tables, charts, and critical thinking exercises that help students apply concepts to actual organized crime cases.
Every chapter includes two student-friendly special features: Organized Crime Biography and Organized Crime at the Movies.
A glossary gives students a quick reference for looking up important definitions of organized crime-related terms, and a Timeline of Organized Crime in the United States highlights important events in the history of organized crime.
eBook
The Behavior of Corruption: An Empirical Typology of Public Corruption by Objective & Method
The United States Supreme Court has ruled that corruption requires misconduct beyond favors received for actions typical of a public official's position, such as favors like hosting an event or contacting an official on behalf of another. This holding makes it unclear the degree to which the use of an official office for personal advantage, or that of another, can be considered corruption. It reflects vagueness in defining specific prohibited behaviors that constitute public corruption. Understanding the underlying behaviors of public corruption activities is an important step for effective detection and prevention. Thus, the question becomes which types of exchanges, favors, acts, or omissions constitute corruption, and which do not? An analysis of more than 300 public corruption convictions occurring over a three-year period was conducted to develop a typology of categories of corruption behaviors. It is discovered that eight distinct types of corrupt conduct exist, pursuing two broad illicit objectives. Therefore, despite the multiplicity of charges brought in corruption cases, there exist a limited number of behaviors that underlie this conduct. These findings are compared with the previous literature on corruption. The utility of the typology for understanding the underlying behavioral aspects of corruption and its context are explained with implications for reducing its occurrence.
Journal Article
White collar crimes and casino gambling: looking for empirical links to forgery, embezzlement, and fraud
This study investigates the alleged link between casino gambling and arrests for the commission of the “white collar” crimes of forgery, fraud, and embezzlement. The rapid expansion of casino gaming venues in recent years has been said to have increased the incidence of white collar crimes by casino customers who get themselves in financial trouble by overspending at casinos (given the median age of 47 for casino patrons and that 41% hold white collar jobs). This study investigates this question by using several kinds of data to examine arrest and offender trends, using a follow-up period of up to 10 years to assess long-term impacts. The results indicate that, comparing pre- and post-casino average annual arrests for embezzlement, forgery, and fraud, trends show a general decrease in arrests in casino jurisdictions, although embezzlement arrests rose in Connecticut and in nationwide statistics. An assessment of the reasons offered from interviews with people convicted of embezzlement and fraud are presented to examine the extent to which gambling is a causal factor.
Journal Article
DECIPHERING THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ORGANIZED CRIME AND TRANSNATIONAL CRIME
Over the last twenty years, traditional depictions of organized crime as an ethnic, neighborhood phenomenon have given way to discoveries of emerging transnational criminal enterprises involving trafficking, fraud, and corruption on an international scale. The available evidence suggests that these are not two distinct types of criminal conduct. Instead they are overlapping in nature in terms of the crimes committed, the offenders involved, and in how criminal opportunities are exploited for profit. This article analyzes the similarities and differences between organized crime and transnational crime, concluding that they are in fact manifestations of the same underlying conduct and the same pool of criminal offenders. They involve exploitation of similar criminal opportunities, which have changed in form over time. Recommendations for more effective international prevention and responses are made in the context of assessing the remarkable transnational organized crime control efforts of the last decade.
Journal Article
Rising to the Surface: The Detection of Public Corruption
In the last 30 years, prosecutions of public corruption cases have continued to increase in the United States. Some cases are short-tenn acts, such as a bribe for a contract, but others are long-tenn and systematic, such as the Pennsylvania judges' kids for cash scandal. This project involved interviews with 73 fonner investigators, prosecutors, community stakeholders, and individuals with first-hand experience in corrupt activities, together with analysis of court documents, to reveal how such cases came to the attention of law enforcement. Information about corrupt acts comes to law enforcement in a few distinct ways: experienced by a member of the community, discovered during other investigations, tips from anonymous persons or whistleblowers, and through regularly required audits. Empirical examples from interviews and court cases show how law enforcement identified corrupt acts. Unlike business fraud, whistleblowers appear to play a smaller role compared to informants and other criminals in corruption cases.
Journal Article